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Breast Reduction Surgery OR Reduction Mammoplastyy
What is Breast Reduction Surgery?
Reduction mammoplasty is the plastic surgery procedure for reducing the size of large breasts. In a breast reduction surgery for re-establishing a functional bust that is proportionate to the woman's body, the critical corrective consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), to ensure the functional sensitivity and lactational capability of the breasts. Breast is a mammary gland that secretes milk during lactation.
When is it done?
Large, voluminous, heavy and sagging breasts cause a lot of physical discomfort to the woman. She may suffer from chronic neck and back pain, poor posture, denting of skin by bra straps and shoulder pain. It also causes public embarrassment to the woman as they attract undue attention causing her a lot of mental agony. She also faces a problem of ill-fitting clothes. Physical activity or participation in sports is also limited. This is the reason why women suffering from large breasts opt for this procedure.
The procedure is also indicated for men having bigger breasts as is seen in the condition known as gynaecomastia. Advantage:
Advantage:
The new breast size is in proportion to the size of the female chest and the overall height and built of the person. They are shapely and firm which does a lot improve the self-esteem of the woman.
Contraindications:
A woman, who is lactating or has stopped recently, is not suitable for the procedure.
If breast mammogram shows a space occupying lesion or extra tissue mass which should not be present, that female is also not suitable for the procedure.
A woman who is a chain smoker or is suffering from any systemic illness is also not a suitable candidate.
Pre-surgical Assessment:
All cosmetic surgeries warrant a thorough pre-operative assessment. The complete medical history of the person is checked along with physical examination. Psychological assessment is equally important as there are chances that the lady can go into depression if the results are not as expected.
Free and frank discussion between the doctor and patient is encouraged to explain the outcome. The surgeon who undertakes this procedure is a plastic surgeon with expertise in breast reduction surgeries and many years of experience in the same field.
Types of incision:
Periareolar incision: the breast has nipple surrounded by a darker circular zone called as areola. The cut is made along the outer border of this areolar region. The cut is then extended downwards following the curve of the breast hemisphere. The required amount of fat, adipose tissue, skin and glandular tissue is removed and the skin is tightened and stitched. The nipple areolar complex is shifted upwards to coincide with the centre of the new firm breast. This is known as inferior pedicle technique and is the most popular technique.
Vertical Scar or Lollipop Incision: the vertical incision is made on the outer inferior side of the breast hemisphere. It is small scar through which small amounts of fatty tissue and skin can be removed. It is suitable when lesser amount of tissue has to be removed.
Horizontal scar: the cut is made along the inferior mammary fold and is almost invisible. This cut is suitable for women with oversized breasts.
Free nipple Graft Technique: The nipple areolar complex is cut and shifted upwards without its blood supply, nerve supply and glandular pedicle. The excess aft and glandular tissue is removed. The extra skin is also trimmed. The technique is useful while working on very large breasts, diabetic women, chain smokers and those with a tendency of tissue necrosis or death. The disadvantage is that the nipples are rendered insensitive and cannot help in lactation.
Liposuction: this technique involves a very small incision which is suitable for thin women with heavy breasts which are mostly fatty. Small scar allows faster healing.
The Procedure:
The surgery is carried out with the patient under general anaesthesia. It requires around 3-5 hours. The patient is made to lie on her back. She can be brought to sitting position intermittently to check the symmetry of both breasts during surgery. The patient can resume normal activities and normal diet the next day after surgery. She should wear a sports brassiere which is of a good fit. Strenuous activities should be avoided for at least 3 weeks. The scars fade away in 6 months and the complete outcome of surgery is evident by 6 months.
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