Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in a man's prostate — a small walnut-shaped gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men. Prostate cancer usually grows slowly and initially Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in a man's prostate remains confined to the prostate gland, where it may not cause serious harm. While some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly
It is rare in men younger than 40. Risk factors for developing prostate cancer include being over 65 years of age, family history and some genetic changes.
Symptoms of Enlarged Prostate may include:
- Problems in Passing urine, such as pain, difficulty starting or stopping the stream, or dribbling.
- Low Back Pain.
- Pain with Ejaculation.
- Blood in the Urine.
- Blood in the Semen.
- Swelling in the Legs.
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) : During a DRE, your doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into your rectum to examine your prostate, which is adjacent to the rectum. It helps to detect any structural anomalies in the prostate.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test : A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm and analyzed for PSA, a substance that's naturally produced by your prostate gland. It's normal for a small amount of PSA to be in your bloodstream but if the value increases, the cause must be located.
Ultrasound : If other tests raise concerns, your doctor may use transrectal ultrasound to further evaluate your prostate. This gives a clear picture of the prostate gland.
Biopsy : The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist. The pathologist will check the biopsy sample to see if there are cancer cells and find out the Gleason score. Presence of protein specific membrane antigen in diseased prostate cells is associated with high Gleason score.
Bone Scans and X-rays : may reveal whether the cancer has invaded the bones. To perform a bone scan, doctors inject low doses of a radioactive substance into the patient's vein, which accumulates in bones that have been damaged by cancer.
Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans : They can further pinpoint the location of cancer that has spread beyond the prostate.
Treatment of Enlarged Prostate at Super Speciality Hospitals in India
Laser Surgery for Enlarged Prostate
Green Light Laser PVP : Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP), also known as the Green Light Laser, has emerged as the treatment of choice for most patients having surgery for BPH. It is minimally invasive in the sense that all the work to open the prostate channel is made through the penis, without an incision on the abdomen. Laser Prostate Surgery procedure will help the patient urinate better, with a good stream. He will be able to empty his bladder fully after the surgery. The obstructive prostate tissue is vaporized by the directed laser beam. This is done under spinal or general anesthesia. The advantages of this approach over the traditional TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) are many:.
The benefits of Laser Technique are really unmatched :
- No Cut
- Less Pain
- No Bleeding
- No need of blood transfusion
- Lesser hospital stay
- Early return to normal activity and work.
Surgical Treatment for Enlarged Prostate
Radical Prostatectomy Surgery : Radical prostatectomy surgery aims to remove the whole prostate gland and the nearby lymph nodes. Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in a man's prostate After the prostate gland is taken out through an incision, a catheter (a narrow rubber tube) is put in the bladder to carry urine out of the body until the area heals.
Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy : The surgeon deploys a Laproscope a thin tube with a tiny camera . Its a minimally invasive procedure where small cuts are made near the tumor site, and thin tools are used to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. Usually patient are given general anaesthesia or an epidural or spinal anaesthesia that blocks nerve routes from the spine and numbs the area. If the cancer spreads outside the esophagus, it often goes to the lymph nodes first. (Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body's immune system.) Esophageal cancer can also spread to almost any other part of the body, including the liver, lungs, brain, and bones.
What are the advantages of Radical prostatectomy?
If you're young and in good health, the short-term risks of this surgery are low. The hospital stay is usually 2 to 3 days, with the catheter left in place for 2 to 3 weeks. You're usually able to go back to work in about 1 month. You shouldn't have severe pain with this surgery. Most men regain bladder control a few weeks to several months after the surgery.
The main advantage of surgery is that it offers the most certain treatment. That is, if all of the cancer is removed during surgery, you are probably cured. Also, the surgery provides your doctor with accurate information about how advanced your cancer is, since the nearby lymph nodes are taken out along with the tumor.
External Beam Radiotherapy
This is a treatment where high-energy X-rays are aimed at a cancer to cure or control it. The X-rays come from a machine called a linear accelerator. This is known as external beam radiotherapy.
World’s Most Advanced Robotic Surgery for Prostate Cancer
The da Vinci Robotic System features a magnified 3D high-definition vision system. Robotic surgery is done through the da Vinci System, where surgeons operate through a few small incisions in the stomach. The da Vinci System has a magnified 3D vision system and special instruments (up to four ports) that bend and rotate.
The doctor operates this through a console and uses hand movements to manoeuvre the tiny instruments inside the body. This allows malignant tissue to be removed precisely, so that healthy prostate tissue is not damaged.The nerves for erection and ejaculation are close to the prostate and manual surgery could damage these. “This could lead to impotence and erectile dysfunction. All these risks are not there with Robotic Surgery which is a boon for Prostate Cancer patients has the following unmatched advantages.
- Minimal Bleeding
- Much quicker recovery
- Reduced hospital stay
- Lesser pain killer requirements
- Lower blood transfusion rates
- Improved preservation of physical appearance
- Three (3) D vision enables surgeon to perform Prostate excision with Cancer
- Control without risk of Post Surgery Continence (control over urinary) and causing Impotency
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