Colorectal cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, but it is more common in developed countries. Its symptoms usually are rectal bleeding and anaemia associated with weight loss and changes in bowel habits.
Colorectal Cancer initially starts in the lining of the bowel and if left untreated, can grow into the muscle layers underneath, and then through the bowel wall. Cancers that are confined within the wall of the colon are often curable with surgery. In more advanced stages Chemotherapy is helpful in extending the person life and improving quality of life.
RISK FACTORS : You are likely to have a higher risk for colon cancer if you :
- Are older than 60
- Are African American of eastern European descent
- Eat a diet high in red or processed meats
- Have cancer elsewhere in the body
- Have colorectal polypsy
- Have inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
- Have a family history of colon cancer
- Have a personal history of breast cancer
Diagnosis of Colon Cancer
Colonoscopy: An endoscope is inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon, through this the doctor can examine the entire colon.
Diagnosis is confirmed with a colon biopsy: Stage of disease is confirmed by pathologists and imaging tests, such as computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scans
Endoscopic ultrasound: and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be used to stage rectal cancer.
Sigmoidoscopy: In this an endoscope is interested in the rectum and moved through the left side of the colon. It cannot be used to view the middle and right sides of the colon.
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): along with Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia and CT , MRI or PET scans of the abdomen, pelvic area.
Treatment Options available for Colon Cancer at Super Speciality Hospitals in India
Minimal Invasive Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Surgery
- The surgeon enters the abdomen by placing a canula (a narrow tube like instrument) into the abdomen (belly) through a small incision (½ -- ¼ inch).
- Carbon Dioxide gas is pumped into the abdomen through the port (cannula) to puff-up or inflate the belly, making working room for the surgeon.
- A laparoscope (a tiny telescope connected to a video camera) is placed through the canula, and allows the surgeon to see a magnified lighted view of the internal organs on a TV monitor.
- 2 to 4 other canulas are inserted to allow use of special instruments to work inside the abdominal cavity (belly).
- If a portion of the colon is removed, one of the small canula incisions is slightly enlarged to permit removal of the tissue.
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